Quantum entanglement provides a competitive advantage in adversarial games

ArXi:2603.10289v1 Announce Type: cross Whether uniquely quantum resources confer advantages in fully classical, competitive environments remains an open question. Competitive zero-sum reinforcement learning is particularly challenging, as success requires modelling dynamic interactions between opposing agents rather than static state-action mappings. Here, we conduct a controlled study isolating the role of quantum entanglement in a quantum-classical hybrid agent trained on Pong, a competitive Marko game.