Disentangling Slow and Fast Temporal Dynamics in Degradation Inference with Hierarchical Differential Models

ArXi:2509.00639v2 Announce Type: replace Reliable inference of system degradation from sensor data is fundamental to condition monitoring and prognostics in mechanical and infrastructural systems. Since degradation is rarely directly observable and measurable, it must be inferred to enable accurate health assessment and decision-making. This is particularly challenging because operational and environmental variations dominate system behavior, while degradation