How to Build a Quantum Supercomputer: Scaling from Hundreds to Millions of Qubits

ArXi:2411.10406v3 Announce Type: replace-cross In the span of four decades, quantum computation has evolved from an intellectual curiosity to a potentially realizable technology. Today, small-scale nstrations have become possible for quantum algorithmic primitives on hundreds of physical qubits. Nevertheless, there are significant outstanding challenges in quantum hardware, fabrication, software architecture, and algorithms on the path towards a full-stack scalable quantum computing technology. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of these scaling challenges.