Rethinking LLM Watermark Detection in Black-Box Settings: A Non-Intrusive Third-Party Framework

ArXi:2603.14968v1 Announce Type: cross While watermarking serves as a critical mechanism for LLM provenance, existing secret-key schemes tightly couple detection with injection, requiring access to keys or provider-side scheme-specific detectors for verification. This dependency creates a fundamental barrier for real-world governance, as independent auditing becomes impossible without compromising model security or relying on the opaque claims of service providers. To resolve this dilemma, we.