A Comparative Study in Surgical AI: Datasets, Foundation Models, and Barriers to Med-AGI

ArXi:2603.27341v1 Announce Type: new Recent Artificial Intelligence (AI) models have matched or exceeded human experts in several benchmarks of biomedical task performance, but have lagged behind on surgical image-analysis benchmarks. Since surgery requires integrating disparate tasks -- including multimodal data integration, human interaction, and physical effects -- generally-capable AI models could be particularly attractive as a collaborative tool if performance could be improved. On the one hand, the canonical approach of scaling architecture size and.