Beyond Marginal Distributions: A Framework to Evaluate the Representativeness of Demographic-Aligned LLMs

ArXi:2601.15755v3 Announce Type: replace Large language models are increasingly used to represent human opinions, values, or beliefs, and their steerability towards these ideals is an active area of research. Existing work focuses predominantly on aligning marginal response distributions, treating each alignment evaluation example independently. While essential, this may overlook deeper latent structures that characterise real populations and underpin cultural values theories.