Large Language Models as Virtual Survey Respondents: Evaluating Sociodemographic Response Generation

ArXi:2509.06337v2 Announce Type: replace Questionnaire-based surveys are foundational to social science research and public policymaking, yet traditional survey methods remain costly, time-consuming, and often limited in scale. Although prior work has explored large language models (LLMs) as virtual survey respondents, existing studies often address narrow task settings, focus on single sociological domains, or lack a unified evaluation framework that enables systematic comparison across diverse datasets and models. To address these gaps, we.