Barriers and Enablers of Online Instruction in Hospitality Education in the Philippines: An Exploratory Study

ArXi:2604.25047v1 Announce Type: cross This study examined the barriers and enablers of online instruction in hospitality education. A sequential exploratory design was implemented with hospitality teachers from both public and private higher educational institutions in the Philippines. Thematic analysis of interviews identified four key themes: technological barriers, pedagogical challenges, institutional and personal, and integration of artificial intelligence (AI). These themes were transformed into survey constructs and tested for reliability.