A Survey on the Safety and Security Threats of Computer-Using Agents: JARVIS or Ultron?

ArXi:2505.10924v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Recently, AI-driven interactions with computing devices have advanced from basic prototype tools to sophisticated, LLM-based systems that emulate human-like operations in graphical user interfaces. We are now witnessing the emergence of \emph{Computer-Using Agents} (CUAs), capable of autonomously performing tasks such as navigating desktop applications, web pages, and mobile apps. However, as these agents grow in capability, they also