Rethinking Pulmonary Embolism Segmentation: A Study of Current Approaches and Challenges with an Open Weight Model

ArXi:2509.18308v3 Announce Type: replace Pulmonary Embolism (PE) is a life-threatening condition for which accurate and timely detection is critical to patient care. However, our systematic study of PE segmentation algorithms reveals concerning limitations in the current state of research. Challenges such as small and inconsistent datasets, a lack of reproducible baselines, and limited comparative evaluation across models are hindering progress in the field. In this study, we curated a densely annotated dataset comprising 490 CTPA scans, each from a unique patient (430 for