Cloud-top infrared observations reveal the four-dimensional precipitation structure

ArXi:2605.07499v1 Announce Type: new Accurate four-dimensional (4D) precipitation information is essential for understanding the Earth's energy and water cycles, yet remains observationally unresolved at global scales. Conventional theory holds that geostationary infrared observations primarily sense cloud-top properties, with limited sensitivity to sub-cloud precipitation. Here we show that cloud-top infrared measurements. nevertheless.