AxiomOcean: Forecasting the Three-Dimensional Structure of the Upper Ocean

ArXi:2605.10455v1 Announce Type: new Short-term ocean forecast skill depends strongly on the three-dimensional ocean structure of the upper ocean, which governs stratification, subsurface heat storage, and the response of the ocean to atmospheric forcing. However, AI ocean forecasting models often fail to preserve this vertical structure, resulting in over-smoothed subsurface features and weak physical consistency under strong forcing.