Discovering Semantic Latent Structures in Psychological Scales: A Response-Free Pathway to Efficient Simplification

ArXi:2602.12575v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Psychological scale refinement traditionally relies on response-based methods such as factor analysis, item response theory, and network psychometrics to optimize item composition. Although rigorous, these approaches require large samples and may be constrained by data availability and cross-cultural comparability. Recent advances in natural language processing suggest that the semantic structure of questionnaire items may encode latent construct organization, offering a complementary response-free perspective. We.