Do Machines Fail Like Humans? A Human-Centred Out-of-Distribution Spectrum for Mapping Error Alignment

ArXi:2603.07462v1 Announce Type: new Determining whether AI systems process information similarly to humans is central to cognitive science and trustworthy AI. While modern AI models match human accuracy on standard tasks, such parity does not guarantee that their underlying decision-making strategies are aligned with human information processing. Assessing performance using i) error alignment metrics to compare how humans and models fail, and ii) using distorted, or otherwise challenging, stimuli, provides a viable pathway toward a finer characterization of model-human alignment.