Can governments quickly and cheaply slow AI training?

I originally wrote this as a private doc for people working in the field - it's not super polished, or optimized for a broad audience. But I'm publishing anyway because inference-verification is a new and exciting area, and there few birds-eye-view explainers of what's going on and what the bottlenecks are. Tl;dr: At least one of the following would need to be implemented for me to be confident that inference verification would substantially slow